Vandalism-Induced Corrosion: A Review of Oil and Gas Facility Protection Options

Vandalism-induced corrosion poses significant challenges to the integrity of oil and gas infrastructure, particularly in oil-producing regions like the Niger Delta in Nigeria. This paper explores the mechanisms, impacts, and mitigation strategies for corrosion accelerated by deliberate damage to metal surfaces. This study also highlights how vandalism removes protective coatings, exposing metals to corrosive elements such as moisture and pollutants, thereby accelerating localized corrosion processes. Case studies, including incidents at the Nembe Creek Trunk Line, underscore the economic and environmental repercussions of vandalism-induced pipeline failures. Prevention and mitigation strategies, ranging from advanced coatings and surveillance technologies to mechanical protection systems like Anti-Tamper Lock (ATL), Sureguard®, and Interlocks, are discussed. Potential knowledge gaps/research needs are highlighted and future research directions, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches are recommended to enhance understanding and management of vandalism-induced corrosion and improve the longevity and safety of critical infrastructure in the oil and gas sector.