Added Resistance and Seakeeping Analyses of a Very Large Crude-Oil Carrier in the Gulf of Guinea

Very Large Crude-Oil Carriers (VLCCs) often operate outside design conditions, affecting energy efficiency and emissions. This study investigated the impact of waves on added resistance and seakeeping of VLCCs in the Gulf of Guinea. Using numerical simulations, we evaluated added resistance for speeds between 10-14 knots under varying wave periods and vessel drafts. The study also analyzed Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) for heave, roll, and pitch motions; and identified critical frequencies. Results showed up to a 30% reduction in resistance at higher speeds. Moreover, the RAOs analysis provided valuable insights for optimizing VLCC operations, balancing fuel efficiency, risk assessment, and safety. These findings may inform route planning, vessel design, and emission reduction strategies.